测试机器环境：
VMware Workstation 12 虚拟机
虚拟机：
Linux版本：CentOS MinimalCD 6.5
Windows版本：Windows 7
查看原机器硬盘配置
增加磁盘容量有2种方案:
- 增加虚拟磁盘容量，下图将原盘20G扩容到50G:
- 添加一块新虚拟磁盘，下图增加一块50G的磁盘:
2种方案都要在系统里作扩容处理。
Linux系统扩容：
2种方案扩容基本相同，先将扩的磁盘容量分区，并转换成lvm盘，作pv，加入lv，将系统原有的lvm扩容，文件系统重定义大小。
以下是对第1种方案的详细步骤：
-
用 fdisk 配置新的具有 8e system ID 的 partition
没有扩容前查看磁盘信息：
[root@localhost ~]# fdisk -lDisk /dev/sda: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylindersUnits = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytesSector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytesI/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytesDisk identifier: 0x0009de9a Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System/dev/sda1 * 1 64 512000 83 LinuxPartition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary./dev/sda2 64 2611 20458496 8e Linux LVMDisk /dev/mapper/VolGroup-lv_root: 18.9 GB, 18865979392 bytes255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2293 cylindersUnits = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytesSector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytesI/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytesDisk identifier: 0x00000000Disk /dev/mapper/VolGroup-lv_swap: 2080 MB, 2080374784 bytes255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 252 cylindersUnits = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytesSector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytesI/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytesDisk identifier: 0x00000000[root@localhost ~]# df -HFilesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on/dev/mapper/VolGroup-lv_root 19G 704M 17G 5% /tmpfs 515M 0 515M 0% /dev/shm/dev/sda1 500M 29M 445M 7% /boot
查看磁盘sda已扩展到50G：
[root@localhost ~]# fdisk -lDisk /dev/sda: 53.7 GB, 53687091200 bytes255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 6527 cylindersUnits = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytesSector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytesI/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytesDisk identifier: 0x0009de9a Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System/dev/sda1 * 1 64 512000 83 LinuxPartition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary./dev/sda2 64 2611 20458496 8e Linux LVMDisk /dev/mapper/VolGroup-lv_root: 18.9 GB, 18865979392 bytes255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2293 cylindersUnits = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytesSector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytesI/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytesDisk identifier: 0x00000000Disk /dev/mapper/VolGroup-lv_swap: 2080 MB, 2080374784 bytes255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 252 cylindersUnits = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytesSector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytesI/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytesDisk identifier: 0x00000000
利用fdisk命令将未分区的磁盘分区，具体百度fdisk，并将新的分区改为lvm区。查看磁盘信息：
[root@localhost ~]# fdisk -lDisk /dev/sda: 53.7 GB, 53687091200 bytes255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 6527 cylindersUnits = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytesSector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytesI/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytesDisk identifier: 0x000e545e Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System/dev/sda1 * 1 64 512000 83 LinuxPartition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary./dev/sda2 64 2611 20458496 8e Linux LVM/dev/sda3 2611 6528 31457280 8e Linux LVMDisk /dev/mapper/VolGroup-lv_root: 18.9 GB, 18865979392 bytes255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2293 cylindersUnits = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytesSector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytesI/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytesDisk identifier: 0x00000000Disk /dev/mapper/VolGroup-lv_swap: 2080 MB, 2080374784 bytes255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 252 cylindersUnits = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytesSector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytesI/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytesDisk identifier: 0x00000000
分完区，sda3只是存于系统，但还没有加载这个设备，partprobe命令可以不重启及加载设备，但是Minimal版本没有安装这个命令，重启系统显然更加方便。
重启后查看设备：
[root@localhost ~]# ls /dev/sd*/dev/sda /dev/sda1 /dev/sda2 /dev/sda3
-
利用 pvcreate 创建 PV
先查看一下pv：
[root@localhost ~]# pvscan #查看pv信息 PV /dev/sda2 VG VolGroup lvm2 [19.51 GiB / 0 free] Total: 1 [19.51 GiB] / in use: 1 [19.51 GiB] / in no VG: 0 [0 ]
将sda3做成pv
[root@localhost ~]# pvcreate /dev/sda3 #将sda3创建成pv Physical volume "/dev/sda3" successfully created[root@localhost ~]# pvscan PV /dev/sda2 VG VolGroup lvm2 [19.51 GiB / 0 free] PV /dev/sda3 lvm2 [30.00 GiB] Total: 2 [49.51 GiB] / in use: 1 [19.51 GiB] / in no VG: 1 [30.00 GiB]
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利用 vgextend 将 PV 加入我们的VolGroup
[root@localhost ~]# vgscan #查看vg信息 Reading all physical volumes. This may take a while... Found volume group "VolGroup" using metadata type lvm2[root@localhost ~]# vgextend VolGroup /dev/sda3 #将sda3加入VolGroup Volume group "VolGroup" successfully extended[root@localhost ~]# vgdisplay #显示VG信息 --- Volume group --- VG Name VolGroup System ID Format lvm2 Metadata Areas 2 Metadata Sequence No 4 VG Access read/write VG Status resizable MAX LV 0 Cur LV 2 Open LV 2 Max PV 0 Cur PV 2 Act PV 2 VG Size 49.50 GiB PE Size 4.00 MiB Total PE 12673 Alloc PE / Size 4994 / 19.51 GiB Free PE / Size 7679 / 30.00 GiB VG UUID cr8dzd-IkxI-gvEj-nA5K-gYlM-eYal-caOLdz
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利用 lvresize 将新加入的 PV 内的 PE 加入lv_root中，透过 resize2fs 将文件系统的容量确实添加。
[root@localhost ~]# lvscan #查看lv信息 ACTIVE '/dev/VolGroup/lv_root' [17.57 GiB] inherit ACTIVE '/dev/VolGroup/lv_swap' [1.94 GiB] inherit[root@localhost ~]# lvextend -L 30G /dev/VolGroup/lv_root /dev/sda3 #从sda3取容量，扩充lv_root到30G Size of logical volume VolGroup/lv_root changed from 17.57 GiB (4498 extents) to 30.00 GiB (7680 extents). Logical volume lv_root successfully resized.[root@localhost ~]# resize2fs /dev/VolGroup/lv_root resize2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)Filesystem at /dev/VolGroup/lv_root is mounted on /; on-line resizing requiredold desc_blocks = 2, new_desc_blocks = 2Performing an on-line resize of /dev/VolGroup/lv_root to 7864320 (4k) blocks.The filesystem on /dev/VolGroup/lv_root is now 7864320 blocks long.[root@localhost ~]# pvs PV VG Fmt Attr PSize PFree /dev/sda2 VolGroup lvm2 a--u 19.51g 0 /dev/sda3 VolGroup lvm2 a--u 30.00g 17.57g #上面的步骤将lv_root扩充到30G，sda3还剩余17.57G
[root@localhost ~]# df -H
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/mapper/VolGroup-lv_root 32G 748M 30G 3% / tmpfs 515M 0 515M 0% /dev/shm /dev/sda1 500M 29M 445M 7% /boot
[root@localhost ~]# vgdisplay --- Volume group --- VG Name VolGroup System ID Format lvm2 Metadata Areas 2 Metadata Sequence No 5 VG Access read/write VG Status resizable MAX LV 0 Cur LV 2 Open LV 2 Max PV 0 Cur PV 2 Act PV 2 VG Size 49.50 GiB PE Size 4.00 MiB Total PE 12673 Alloc PE / Size 8176 / 31.94 GiB Free PE / Size 4497 / 17.57 GiB #Free PE VG UUID cr8dzd-IkxI-gvEj-nA5K-gYlM-eYal-caOLdz[root@localhost ~]# lvextend -l +4497 /dev/VolGroup/lv_root /dev/sda3 #参数 l 是使用pe数，目前freePE为4497，本命令行是将所有freePE增加给lv_root Size of logical volume VolGroup/lv_root changed from 30.00 GiB (7680 extents) to 47.57 GiB (12177 extents). Logical volume lv_root successfully resized.[root@localhost ~]# resize2fs /dev/VolGroup/lv_root resize2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)Filesystem at /dev/VolGroup/lv_root is mounted on /; on-line resizing requiredold desc_blocks = 2, new_desc_blocks = 3Performing an on-line resize of /dev/VolGroup/lv_root to 12469248 (4k) blocks.The filesystem on /dev/VolGroup/lv_root is now 12469248 blocks long.[root@localhost ~]# pvs PV VG Fmt Attr PSize PFree /dev/sda2 VolGroup lvm2 a--u 19.51g 0 /dev/sda3 VolGroup lvm2 a--u 30.00g 0 [root@localhost ~]# vgs VG #PV #LV #SN Attr VSize VFree VolGroup 2 2 0 wz--n- 49.50g 0 [root@localhost ~]# df -hFilesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on/dev/mapper/VolGroup-lv_root 47G 721M 44G 2% /tmpfs 491M 0 491M 0% /dev/shm/dev/sda1 477M 28M 425M 7% /boot
Windows系统扩容：
Windows可以借助磁盘工具将增加的磁盘扩容进系统中，2008以上的系统可以直接借助系统的磁盘管理操作。这里不在详述。